Methodology
Judgement over completeness
A robot is listed here only if it is real. This is what "real" means.
The three inclusion rules
Purchasable in EU/US with a public price
A public price from the maker or a dealer in the EU or US, purchasable or open for pre-order.
Deployed at a named customer
A pilot or operation at a customer named in a source. A trade-show appearance does not count.
Serious developer with real, uncut video
A large company or major funding, plus working hardware in real, uncut video — not renders.
Groups
Four groups, one rule
Can be bought, or works at named customers.
Watchlist13Serious and real, but not yet for sale or deployed.
Borderline16Research platforms, small and social robots.
Archive7Discontinued and historic machines.
Status per market
A robot can be purchasable in China, open for pre-order in Europe and unavailable in the US. So we track status for each market separately, in this order:
- Buy now — Purchasable with a public price
- Pre-order — Open for pre-orders
- B2B only — Working at business customers, not for sale to the public
- Prototype — Prototype, not available
- Discontinued — Discontinued
- Not available — Not offered in this market
Sources and review
Every claim has a source with an access date. We prefer manufacturers, dealers, customer press releases and trade press. Where only one source exists or sources disagree, the entry says so and confidence drops to "medium" or "low". Every Core entry is re-checked monthly; the date of the last review is shown on each robot.
Open data
The full index is available as a dataset under CC BY 4.0 — for research, teaching and journalism. Please credit with a link to this site. JSON · CSV
What is not a criterion
"General purpose" is claimed by almost every maker and checkable by no one. Use case is a filter here, not an inclusion rule. Pure concept studies, toy and kit robots and pure university research platforms are not included.
FAQ
Questions
Why not simply list every humanoid?
Because completeness does not help anyone who wants to know what is real. Databases with 200+ models put concept renders next to robots that work at BMW. We only include what meets one of three rules, and we say which.
Why is Tesla Optimus in the Core when you cannot buy it?
It is the one deliberate exception. Optimus only meets rule 3, but it is too central to the public debate to leave out. Its status stays "Prototype", and the exception is shown on the entry.
Where do the prices come from?
Dealer pages, manufacturer pages and press reports — always with month and source. Dealer prices vary a lot — for some models by more than a factor of two. We show the lowest documented price and name the dealer.
What does "manufacturer claim" mean for specs?
Almost all specifications come from the manufacturers and were not measured independently. Only where an independent source confirms the same value do we mark it "verified".
Do manufacturers pay to be listed?
No. No manufacturer or dealer has paid for inclusion, a rating or any wording. Should we ever use affiliate links, they will be labelled and will not change any rating.
I found a mistake.
Thank you. Write to the address in the legal notice, with a source. We add corrections, dated, to the robot's timeline.